ADAPT Lab Resources Research Tools
Data Sets
Students who want to work in the ADAPT lab and have sufficient data analytical skills can have access to several data sets from past projects. These data sets can be used for thesis projects and are:
- Awareness of age-related change and other measures of subjective aging in adulthood (N=586)
- Awareness of age-related change and other measures of subjective aging in adulthood (N=396)
- Self-concept differentiation across the adult lifespan (N = 158)
- Stability of self-representations in adults (N = 189)
- Personality and personal goals in adults (N = 330)
- Attention control in goal pursuit and self-efficacy beliefs in college students (N = 443)
Awareness of Age-Related Changes Questionnaires & Documentation
AARC 50 Questionnaire
- AARC- 50 Questionnaire – link coming soon!
- AARC- 50 Measurement Guide – link coming soon!
- AARC- 50 Publication
AARC 10 Questionnaire
- AARC- 10 Questionnaire – link coming soon!
- AARC- 10 Measurement Guide – link coming soon!
- AARC-10 Publication
ADAPT RESEARCH Completed Research Studies
Awareness of Age-Related Changed
The way in which people become aware of changes due to their own aging, termed Awareness of Age-Related Change, was the focus of a research program in the ADAPT lab. Although people’s subjective experiences of growing older have been the focus of systematic inquiry since the 1950s, very little research has looked at how adults become aware of changes associated with growing older, and how they interpret such changes. We believe that learning more about AARC provides us (a) with a better understanding of the nature of both positive and negative age-related changes; and (b) with valuable insights into the ways in which the aging process can be optimized. This work was done in collaboration with Prof. Hans-Werner Wahl of the University of Heidelberg, Germany.
Cognitive-Emotional Integration in Adulthood and Aging
This project used data from a 12-year longitudinal study of adult development and aging (Principal Investigators: Gisela Labouvie-Vief and Mark Lumley) to examine a variety of questions related to cognitive-emotional development across the adult lifespan. Our specific work focused on the longitudinal development of emotion regulation strategies, coping and defense strategies, and aspects of emotional complexity. During the last wave of data collection, this study also collected momentary assessment data on affect and social experiences on a sub-sample of adults over a seven-day period. Funding for this longitudinal study was provided by grant R01 AG09203 from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health.
The AgingPLUS Study
A large body of research has shown that most middle-aged (i.e., age 40-59) and older adults (i.e., age 60 and older) have room to improve their chances for healthy and successful aging. However, taking advantage of this “room for improvement” requires that a person engages on a regular basis in behaviors that are known, based on research, to improve the chances for healthy and successful aging.
One of these health-promoting behaviors is engagement in physical activity. There is increasing evidence that physical activity is the most promising non-pharmacological, noninvasive, and cost-effective method of health promotion in adults. However, the majority of adults do not engage in regular physical activity and with age people tend to become less physically active. Therefore, the percentage of adults meeting the recommended guidelines for physical activity that promotes healthy aging is quite low.
This raised the following question: How could we motivate middle-aged and older adults to become more physically active and to maintain this behavior over the long run so that they can reap long-term benefits? AgingPLUS was an educational program that was developed to address exactly this question.
What was involved in this study?
- The study tested how well the AgingPLUS program works.
- Participation involved a two-month commitment:
- Month One: Learn! Participants were randomly assigned to one of two educational programs. Each program lasted four weeks, with one meeting per week.
- Month Two: Practice! Participants worked on their own toward their personal physical activity goal. They also received a weekly phone call from the lab to touch base.
The Daily Stress Interview Study
The Daily Stress Interview Study was a seven-year longitudinal study that investigated how adults cope with the stressors they encounter in daily life. The study started in 2003/2004 and the follow-up assessment was completed in 2010/2011. Participants were 239 adults, ranging in age from 18 to 89 years, who completed daily stress interviews and filled out daily diaries for 30 consecutive days. Data from the first wave of the project have provided information on the role of personal risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress, as well as the role of age and personality characteristics in responding to daily stressors. Data from the second wave allowed us to address how short-term processes are linked to developmental change over a seven-year period. Analyses addressing questions along these lines are ongoing. Funding for the DAISI study was provided by grant R01 AG21147 from the National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health.
Publications
- Diehl, M., Brothers, A. F., & Wahl, H.-W. (in press). Self-perceptions and awareness of aging: Past, present, and future. In K. W. Schaie & S. L. Willis (Eds.), Handbook of the Psychology of Aging (9th). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
- Diehl, M., Smyer, M. A., & Mehrotra, C. M. (2020). Optimizing aging: A call for a new narrative. American Psychologist, 75(4), 577-589. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000598
- Diehl, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2020). The Psychology of Later Life: A Contextual Perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Brothers, A. F., Gabrian, M., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2019). A new multi-dimensional questionnaire to assess Awareness of Age-Related Change (AARC). The Gerontologist, 59, e141-e151. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny006
- Dutt, A. J., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2019). Awareness of aging processes. In B. Knight (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology and Aging (pp. 1053-1072). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.397
- Kaspar, R., Gabrian, M., Brothers, A., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2019). Measuring awareness of age-related change: Development of a 10-item short form for use in large-scale surveys. The Gerontologist, 59, e130-e140. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnx213
- Rupprecht, F. S., Dutt, A. J., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2019). The role of personality in becoming aware of age-related changes. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(2), 57-67. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000204
- Diehl, M., Griffin, E., & Brothers, A. F. (2018). Dynamic integration theory. In O. Braddick (Ed.), Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.340
- Bielak, A. A. M., Hatt, C. R., & Diehl, M. (2017). Cognitive performance in adults’ daily lives: Is there a lab-life gap? Research in Human Development, 14, 219-233. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2017.1340050
- Brothers, A. F., & Diehl, M. (2017). Feasibility and efficacy of the AgingPLUS program: Changing views on aging to increase engagement in physical activity. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 25, 402-411. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2016-0039
- Brothers, A. F., Miche, M., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2017). Examination of associations among three distinct subjective aging constructs and their relevance for predicting developmental correlates. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences, 72, 547-560. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbv085
- Wurm, S., Diehl, M., Kornadt, A. E., Westerhof, G. J., & Wahl, H.-W. (2017). How do views on aging affect health outcomes in adulthood and late life? Explanations for an established connection. Developmental Review, 46, 27-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2017.08.002
- Brothers, A., Gabrian, M., Wahl, H.-W., & Diehl, M. (2016). Future time perspective and awareness of age-related change: Examining their role in predicting psychological well-being. Psychology and Aging, 31, 605-617. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000101
- Chui, H., & Diehl, M. (2016). Age differences in the effect of self-esteem: The link between physical symptoms and daily affect. GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry, 29, 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000157
- Diehl, M., & Brothers, A. F. (2016). Self-theories of the aging person. In N. A. Pachana (Series Ed.), B. G. Knight, & H.-W. Wahl (Vol. Eds.), Encyclopedia of Geropsychology: Vol. 1. Introduction and Historical Perspectives (pp. 115-123). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-080-3_115-1
- Diehl, M., Hooker, K., & Sliwinski, M. S. (Eds.). (2015). Handbook of Intraindividual Variability across the Life Span. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Diehl, M., Hooker, K., & Sliwinski, M. J. (2015). A brief historical overview on intraindividual variability research across the life span. In M. Diehl, K. Hooker, & M. J. Sliwinski (Eds.), Handbook of intraindividual variability across the life span (pp. 3-15). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Diehl, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (Eds.). (2015). Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Vol. 35. Subjective Aging: New Developments and Future Directions. New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
- Diehl, M., Wahl, H.-W., Brothers, A. F., & Miche, M. (2015). Subjective aging and awareness of aging: Toward a new understanding of the aging self. In M. Diehl & H.-W. Wahl (Eds.), Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Vol. 35. Subjective aging: New developments and future directions (pp. 1-28). New York, NY: Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.35.1
- Miche, M., Brothers, A. F., Diehl, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2015). The role of subjective aging within the changing ecologies of aging: Perspectives for research and practice. In Diehl & H.-W. Wahl (Eds.), Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Vol. 35. Subjective aging: New developments and future directions (pp. 211-245). New York, NY: Springer Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.35.209
- Ram, N., & Diehl, M. (2015). Multiple time-scale design and analysis: Pushing towards real-time modeling of complex developmental processes. In M. Diehl, K. Hooker, & M. J. Sliwinski (Eds.), Handbook of intraindividual variability across the life span (pp. 308-323). New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis.
- Schilling, O. K., & Diehl, M. (2015). Psychological vulnerability to daily stressors in old age: Findings from short-term longitudinal studies. Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie, 48, 517-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-015-0935-7
- Brothers, A., Chui, H., & Diehl, M. (2014). Measuring future time perspective across adulthood: Development and evaluation of a short multidimensional questionnaire. The Gerontologist, 54, 1075-1088. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu076
- Diehl, M., Chui, H., Hay, E. L., Lumley, M. A., Grühn, D., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2014). Change in coping and defense mechanisms across adulthood: Longitudinal findings in a European American Sample. Developmental Psychology, 50, 634-648. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033619
- Diehl, M., Wahl, H.-W., Barrett, A. E., Brothers, A. F., Miche, M., Montepare, J. M., Westerhof, G. J., & Wurm S. (2014). Awareness of aging: Theoretical considerations on an emerging concept. Developmental Review, 34, 93-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.01.001
- Miche, M., Wahl, H.-W., Diehl, M., Oswald, F., Kaspar, R., & Kolb, M. (2014). Natural occurrence of subjective aging experiences in community-dwelling older adults. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 69, 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs164
- Schilling, O., & Diehl, M. (2014). Reactivity to stressor pile-up in adulthood: Effects on daily negative and positive affect. Psychology and Aging, 29, 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035500
- Westerhof, G. J., Miche, M., Brothers, A. F., Barrett, A. E., Diehl, M., Montepare, J. M., Wahl, H.-W., & Wurm, S. (2014). The influence of subjective aging on health and longevity: A meta-analysis of longitudinal data. Psychology and Aging, 29, 793-802. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038016
- Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2013). Personality-related risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress among adult cancer patients. Research in Human Development, 10, 47-69. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2013.760259
- Diehl, M., & Hooker, K. (2013). Adult personality development: Dynamics and processes [Introduction to the Special Issue]. Research in Human Development, 10, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427609.2013.760256
- Grühn, D., Lumley, M., Diehl, M., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2013). Time-based indicators of emotional complexity: Interrelations and correlates. Emotion, 13, 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030363
- Diehl, M., Hay, E. L., & Chui, H. (2012). Personal risk and resilience factors in the context of daily stress. In B. Hayslip & G. C. Smith (Eds.), Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Vol. 32. Emerging perspectives on resilience in adulthood and later life (pp. 251-274). New York, NY: Springer Publishing. https://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0198-8794.32.251
- Diehl, M., Hay, E. L., & Berg, K. M. (2011). The ratio between positive and negative affect and flourishing mental health across adulthood. Aging & Mental Health, 15, 882-893. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2011.569488
- Diehl, M., Youngblade, L. M., Hay, E. L., & Chui, H. (2011). The development of self-representations across the life span. In K. L. Fingerman, C. A. Berg, J. Smith, & T. C. Antonucci (Eds.), Handbook of life-span development (pp. 611-646). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
- Hay, E. L., & Diehl, M. (2011). Emotion complexity and emotion regulation across adulthood. European Journal of Ageing, 8, 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-011-0191-7
- Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2010). Risk and resilience factors in coping with daily stress in adulthood: The role of age, self-concept incoherence, and personal control. Developmental Psychology, 46, 1132-1146. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019937
- Diehl, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2010). Awareness of age-related change: Examination of a (mostly) unexplored concept. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 65, 340-350. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbp110
- Hay, E. L., & Diehl, M. (2010). Reactivity to daily stressors in adulthood: The importance of stressor type in characterizing risk and resilience factors. Psychology and Aging, 25, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018747
- Grühn, D., Rebucal, K., Diehl, M., Lumley, M., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2008). Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings. Emotion, 8, 753-765. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014123
- Diehl, M., & Hay, E. L. (2007). Contextualized self-representations in adulthood. Journal of Personality, 75, 1255-1284 [Special Issue]. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00475.x
- Labouvie-Vief, G., Diehl, M., Jain, E., & Zhang, F. (2007). Six-year change in affect optimization and affect complexity across the adult life span: A further examination. Psychology and Aging, 22, 738-751. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.22.4.738
- Diehl, M. (2006). Development of self-representations in adulthood. In D. K. Mroczek & T. D. Little (Eds.), Handbook of personality development (pp. 373-398). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
- Diehl, M., Semegon, A. B., & Schwarzer, R. (2006). Assessing attention control in goal pursuit: A component of dispositional self-regulation. Journal of Personality Assessment, 86, 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8603_06
- Diehl, M., Owen, S. K., & Youngblade, L. M. (2004). Agency and communion attributes in adults’ spontaneous self-representations. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 28, 1-15. doi: 10.1080/01650250344000226
- Diehl, M., & Willis, S. L. (2003). Everyday competence and everyday problem solving in aging adults: Role of the physical and social context. In H.-W. Wahl, R. Scheidt, & P. Windley (Eds.), Annual Review of Gerontology and Geriatrics: Vol. 23. Aging in context: Socio-physical environments (pp. 130-166). New York, NY: Springer Publishing.
- Diehl, M., Hastings, C. T., & Stanton, J. M. (2001). Self-concept differentiation across the adult life span. Psychology and Aging, 16, 643-654. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.16.4.643
- Labouvie-Vief, G., & Diehl, M. (2000). Cognitive complexity and cognitive-affective integration: Related or separate domains of adult development? Psychology and Aging, 15, 490-504. https://doi.org/10.1037/0882-7974.15.3.490